Heyo pwips, it’s time for another quiz! Here’s a quick review of Ch. 5 and Ch. 6.

Ch. 5: Objects and Adjuncts

• Sentence Core: NP and PredPhr
  • NPs can occur within the PredPhr
    • If you have 2 NPs and they are referring to 2 different entities, then the first (usually a person) will have the function IO and the second will have the function DO
    • If you have 2 NPs and they are referring to the same 1 entity, then the first NP will have the function DO and the second will be OC
      • An OC can also be an AdjPhr, but still requires that there be a VP, NP, and a AdjPhr in the predicate. If the PredPhr only consists of the VP and an NP or AdjPhr, then it has the function of an SC
  • Reminder that a transitive sentence has a DO

• Non-Core Elements: Adverbial or Adjunct
  • Non-core elements are under their own node under the S. They are not a part of the predicate.
  • Adverbials and Adjuncts are functions. Adverbial forms are often prepositional phrases, and Adjunct forms are often prepositional phrases or adverb phrases.

Ch. 6: The Verb Phrase

• The operator, or left-most verb, carries the tense
• Verbs may be tensed or non-tensed
  • Tensed: General present, -s present, and past
  • Non-tensed: Base form, -ing form, and -en form

• Verbs may have an aspect
  • Perfect Aspect: Form of has + -en form of next verb
  • Progressive Aspect: Form of be + -ing form of next verb

• Auxiliary verb functions include “modal of,” “perfect of,” and “progressive of”

• You will also need to know numbers
  • First-person Singular: I
  • First-person Plural: We
  • Second-person Singular: You
  • Second-person Plural: You
  • Third-person Singular: He/She/It
  • Third-person Plural: They